Common symptoms for pets with cancer
We all likely know someone who has battled cancer. Thankfully, advancements in human medicine have paved the way for new treatments, and the good news is that many of these strategies are now being applied in veterinary medicine, offering renewed hope for our pets.
Approximately 1 in 4 dogs will develop neoplasia at some point in their lives. Neoplasia refers to the uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells or tissues in the body, with the abnormal growth itself called a neoplasm or tumor, which can be benign or malignant.
Cancer Rates in Dogs and Cats
Dogs experience cancer at roughly the same rate as humans. While there is less data on cancer rates in cats, it is known that lymphoma is more common in cats than in dogs. Oncology is an expanding specialty within veterinary care, and as research progresses, we continue to improve our ability to diagnose cancer early and enhance treatment efficacy.
Symptoms to Watch For
Like humans, pets can develop neoplasia affecting almost any organ or tissue in their bodies. If you notice any of the following changes in your pet, contact your veterinarian immediately, as early treatment can greatly impact outcomes. Keep in mind that these symptoms do not necessarily indicate cancer, but they should be evaluated by your vet:
Abdominal swelling
Bleeding from the mouth, nose, or other body openings
Difficulty breathing
Difficulty eating
Lumps, bumps, or discolored skin
Non-healing wounds
Persistent diarrhea or vomiting
Sudden changes in weight
Unexplained swelling, heat, pain, or lameness
Visible mass or tumor
Next Steps After a Diagnosis
If your pet is diagnosed with cancer, your next steps will involve working closely with your veterinarian and/or a veterinary oncologist to determine the best treatment options. These options may include one or a combination of therapies, such as:
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Cryosurgery (freezing)
Hyperthermia (heating)
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy harnesses the power of your pet’s own immune system to combat cancer. Cancer cells often attempt to evade the immune system, so the goal of immunotherapy is to target these cells and overcome their defenses. Additionally, advanced imaging techniques can detect any remaining abnormal tissue following tumor removal, while your pet is still under anesthesia. Pain management is also a crucial aspect of treatment.
Developing a Treatment Plan
When formulating a treatment program for your pet, your veterinarian will consider factors such as the type of cancer, its growth rate and spread (the stage or grade of the cancer), and its location.
Preventative Measures
There are proactive steps you can take to decrease your pet's likelihood of developing certain cancers. For instance, animals can develop skin cancer from sun exposure, particularly light-colored pets with thin coats. Using pet-safe sunscreen can help protect them outdoors. Additionally, spaying and neutering pets can reduce the risk of certain reproductive cancers.
Conclusion
While no cure currently exists to eradicate all cancers, ongoing research continues to improve our understanding of managing and treating this complex disease. With early detection and a tailored treatment plan, there is hope for pets facing a cancer diagnosis.
